Europe Heat Wave Not Proof of Climate Crisis – Beaches Crowded

Europe Heat Wave Not Proof of Climate Crisis – Beaches Crowded

Europe Heat Wave Not Proof of Climate Crisis – Beaches Crowded
May 31, 2026

A vibrant beach scene with sun loungers and umbrellas, surrounded by clear turquoise waters and hills dotted with white buildings.
Europeans got to go to the beach early this year thanks to a May heat wave. Photo by Squirmy2000 at English Wikipedia. Public domain. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6659608

Europe was hit by a heat wave, and of course the climate crowd is claiming it is proof of global warming, climate change, excessive CO₂ emissions, and the need to stop eating meat and stop using oil. Another option, however, is to recognize that periods of unusually high and low temperatures have always existed.

Some years summer arrives late, and some years it arrives early. Some years you cannot swim in July, while in others you are sweltering in September. The weather has always been variable. A rational response to this heat wave would simply be to go to the beach.

The peak of the May 2026 European heat wave passed earlier this week. The most extreme temperatures occurred between Monday and Wednesday, May 25–27. France broke its national May temperature record, and more than 1,350 station records were broken across the French weather network. All-time May highs were recorded in Bordeaux, Perpignan, Bergerac, Nîmes, Toulouse, and Montpellier.

In other words, records were not broken everywhere. They were broken at specific stations and in specific locations. The crisis, assuming it exists, did not manifest uniformly across France, much less Europe.

Portugal reached 40°C (104°F), Spain 38°C (100.4°F), and temperatures across Western Europe ran 10–15°C (18–27°F) above normal for late May.

By the end of the week, temperatures had dropped across much of the continent, with elevated readings lingering across the Mediterranean, Italy, central Europe, and the Balkans.

The media response followed a familiar pattern. Carbon Brief, aggregating coverage from the Guardian, BBC, Associated Press, and CNN. Experts cited by those outlets called it “beyond a shadow of a doubt” that human-caused climate change made the event more likely and severe.

The UN climate chief called it a “brutal reminder of the cost of global warming.” The UN climate chief also knows that his job depends on continued belief in a climate crisis. French media declared it an “unequivocal sign of global warming.”

The fact that some places were temporarily hotter for one week than they were the previous year is not proof of global warming. These claims rest on assumptions that the underlying data does not support.

Breaking a May temperature record is not the same as breaking an all-time temperature record. When outlets report that a record has been “shattered,” they rarely specify what record. There is a substantial difference between the hottest day ever recorded in Europe and the hottest May 26th ever recorded at a specific station. The second claim compares one data point against roughly 150 years of readings for that calendar date at that location.

Calendar-date records carry high natural variance, since weather does not follow the calendar. A single atmospheric event, a heat dome, a Saharan air plume, can break a daily or monthly record without representing any long-term shift. Station-level records are not continental records, and the instrumentation record itself carries reliability issues that media coverage rarely acknowledges.

Weather stations have moved, changed instrumentation, and been absorbed by urban expansion over the decades. Each of these changes introduces discontinuities that make a reading from 1950 and a reading from 2026 at nominally the same station not directly comparable.

The global shift from analog to digital thermometers and recording devices did not occur simultaneously. Different countries, and even different stations within the same country, made the transition at different times. This introduced systematic differences in how temperatures were measured, recorded, and logged.

The urban heat-island effect further complicates the record. Stations that were surrounded by open land in 1950 may now sit within or adjacent to cities, suburbs, or industrial zones that retain and radiate heat independently of broader atmospheric trends. A station showing higher readings than it did seventy years ago may be measuring the growth of the surrounding city rather than a shift in regional or global temperature.

As urban populations have expanded, a larger share of the station network now operates in conditions that may bias readings upward. Aggregated continental or global temperature figures combine these potentially compromised station readings with cleaner rural observations. The adjustments applied to correct for these biases rely on modeling assumptions that remain contested.

As a result, an aggregated European or global temperature anomaly published today is not a straightforward apples-to-apples comparison with one published in 1950. It is the output of a data pipeline that has changed its instruments, station locations, interpolation methods, and adjustment algorithms throughout the measurement period. None of this context is typically disclosed when a headline declares that a summer is the hottest ever recorded.

The claim also sidesteps a more basic historical question. Europe has experienced periodic heat waves throughout recorded history, long before industrialization and measurable increases in atmospheric CO2. The 1757 heat wave was likely the hottest summer in Continental Europe between 1540 and 2003, with July 1757 documented by physician John Huxham in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society as producing extreme temperatures and widespread illness across England, placing the event between two historically extreme pre-industrial summers, one roughly 500 years ago.

The Medieval Warm Period, approximately 800 to 1250 CE, produced temperatures in Europe comparable to or warmer than the mid-20th century. British climatologist Hubert Lamb concluded it was probably 1–2°C warmer than early 20th-century conditions, a prosperous era, concurrent with Norse settlements in Greenland and increased agricultural productivity across northern Europe.

More recently, the 1976 heat wave produced 15 consecutive days from June 23 to July 7 where temperatures in Britain reached at least 32.2°C, a streak no previous or subsequent heat wave has matched, accompanied by what the Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society describes as one of the most acute droughts in UK history, exceptional due to the compounding effects of low rainfall and hot summer temperatures.

A 10,800-year reconstruction of spring and summer temperatures in Central Europe, published in Geophysical Research Letters in 2024, documents major climate events including the Holocene Thermal Maximum, the 8.2ka cooling event, the Medieval Climate Anomaly, and the Little Ice Age, demonstrating that significant warming and cooling cycles are the normal condition of European climate across millennia.

Looking at the past 1,400 years, a PLOS ONE reconstruction using 117 proxy records across Europe finds that Northwest Europe was generally warm through the medieval period, then temperature declined after 1400 and became more variable, with maximum cooling around 1600 and 1900, a multi-century cooling period followed by a rebound, entirely pre-industrial.

The same study finds that cold periods prior to the 20th century can be explained partly by low solar activity and high volcanic activity, confirming that temperatures have always oscillated across warmer and cooler phases driven by natural forcings.

According to Copernicus, 2025 ranked as the third-warmest year on record for the European continent — a figure that requires explanation, since a year does not have a single temperature. What Copernicus measures is the average of all temperature readings across European land and sea surface area across all 12 months, expressed as an anomaly against the 1991–2020 baseline. A cold winter and a hot summer average out to a middling annual figure; a year with a severe August heat wave but an otherwise normal calendar could rank lower than a year of persistent mild warmth with no dramatic peak. The annual mean smooths all of that out.

That context matters for the current media framing. Third-warmest means at least two prior years were warmer on the same metric, the trend is not uniformly increasing, and Europe sustained those prior years without the civilizational consequences the current narrative implies. The claim that each successive heat wave is unprecedented also collapses against the record: significant heat waves struck in previous years..

Media outlets and climate advocates routinely cite figures of up to 70,000 deaths from the 2003 European heat wave as evidence of climate change’s lethal toll. Those figures are not counts of confirmed heat fatalities. As the Robine et al. study published in Comptes Rendus Biologies explains, they are produced using the excess death method, which compares observed mortality during the heat wave period against a baseline drawn from prior years, in this case 1998–2002, and labels the difference heat deaths. No death certificate reads “killed by climate change.”

According to a peer-reviewed International Journal of Epidemiology analysis of French mortality during August 2003, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and nervous system disease were the leading recorded causes of death.

A peer-reviewed study published in Population Studies examined French mortality following the 2003 heat wave. The study found that 2004 recorded approximately 23,000 fewer deaths than expected against a baseline of 535,000 annual deaths. The harvesting effect accounted for fewer than 5,000 of those missing deaths, with the remainder attributed to other factors.

If the 2003 heat wave caused 15,000 deaths in France during August, and 2004 then recorded 23,000 fewer deaths than expected, the net two-year mortality figure was not dramatically above what normal mortality trends would have predicted.

The baseline used to calculate the 2003 excess mortality estimate was drawn from only the previous five years. That relatively narrow window may itself have been atypically low, inflating the apparent excess.

Natural monthly variation in mortality, driven by factors such as flu season timing, cold snaps, and statistical noise, can produce differences of several thousand deaths without any identifiable cause. These fluctuations are rarely fully accounted for in the comparisons used to generate headline excess-death figures.

Attribution science, the methodology used to calculate how much more likely a given weather event is in a warmer world, relies on modeling assumptions and baseline selections that media coverage rarely examines. Probability is not proof. Natural drivers, including heat domes, blocking high-pressure systems, and El Niño cycles, also contribute to specific weather events.

The heat wave is real. Records at specific stations on specific calendar dates were broken. What the data does not establish is that the event had a single cause or that it falls outside the range of conditions European climates have historically produced. Nor does it prove that there is a climate crisis or that people must stop eating meat or using fossil fuels.

The post Europe Heat Wave Not Proof of Climate Crisis – Beaches Crowded appeared first on The Gateway Pundit.

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Author: Antonio Graceffo

THE HITS KEEP COMING: Graham Platner Has an ACTIVE Account on “Predator’s Paradise” Messaging App with a “Huge Child Exploitation Problem”

THE HITS KEEP COMING: Graham Platner Has an ACTIVE Account on “Predator’s Paradise” Messaging App with a “Huge Child Exploitation Problem”

THE HITS KEEP COMING: Graham Platner Has an ACTIVE Account on “Predator’s Paradise” Messaging App with a “Huge Child Exploitation Problem”
May 31, 2026

Photo via Graham Platner’s infamous Kik Account

Yet another horrific revelation has unfolded regarding far-left Maine Senate candidate Graham Platner, and it might be the most shocking yet.

The Wall Street Journal reported on Saturday that Platner’s wife, Amy Gertner, informed campaign staff a year ago that her husband had exchanged sexually explicit text messages with at least a dozen women.

The Platner campaign, though, ultimately dismissed the texts as a private matter and moved on.

Now, the news gets worse. The Daily Wire has revealed on Saturday that Platner is a registered user on Kik, an anonymous messaging app.

Platner’s Kik account uses the username “phustle0331,” which is similar to his Instagram handle, Phustle0331, and to the username of his Reddit account.

The National Center on Sexual Exploitation describes Kik as a “predator’s paradise,” due to features that allow minors to join the app and speak with adults.

Approximately 70% of the app’s users are between the ages of 13 and 24. Even more disturbingly, the app does not require official age verification.

The Daily Wire shared evidence that Kik enables adult users to not only target innocent women but also children.

A true sexual predator’s paradise, indeed.

From The Daily Wire:

A Forbes investigation found that Kik had a “huge child exploitation problem,” while the BBC found that the app was at the center of over 1,100 child sexual abuse cases in the United Kingdom between 2013 and 2018.

But even among consenting adult users, Kik is no ordinary messenger. The platform has been described as “the app with the most severe sexual content.” Kik offers sexually explicit live chats with women, and is often found at the center of “sexploitation” cases, wherein predators coax someone to send nude photos, and then use the images for blackmail, the New York Times reported in 2016.

That report — released four months before Platner created his Kik account — chronicles a litany of heinous acts perpetrated by predators on the app, including a man who used the app to distribute child pornography, several who sent and solicited sexually explicit messages from minors, and one instance where a man attempted to kidnap a 14-year-old girl.

Kik was also where 13-year-old Nicole Madison Lowell chatted with two Virginia Tech students who kidnapped and killed her.

Interestingly, Platner joined Kik in 2016 when it had been under fire for being a hotbed for child pornography, kidnapping, and more wicked sexual activities.

Was he not aware of this?

The post THE HITS KEEP COMING: Graham Platner Has an ACTIVE Account on “Predator’s Paradise” Messaging App with a “Huge Child Exploitation Problem” appeared first on The Gateway Pundit.

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Author: Cullen Linebarger

J6ers May Be the Most Law-Abiding Group of Inmates Ever

J6ers May Be the Most Law-Abiding Group of Inmates Ever

J6ers May Be the Most Law-Abiding Group of Inmates Ever
May 31, 2026

J6ers may be the most law-abiding group of inmates ever released from prison. Where are the criminology professors?

Guest post by Roger Roots
Recently there have been many published statements in mainstream (meaning pro-Democrat) news outlets seeking to paint the January 6 community as especially violent, thuggish or undeserving of compensation for their years of abuse by the Department of Justice.
On March 31, 2026 the New York Times Editorial Board published an opinion piece entitled “The People Trump Pardoned are on a Crime Spree.”  The essay was overloaded with smears against former January 6 defendants, saying “at least twelve” (of 1,583) J6ers have been “charged” with new crimes since being pardoned. This includes protest-related scuffling, the alleged vandalism by Jake Lang, a violation of a family court order, and an alleged act of resisting arrest.  A very tiny handful of pardoned J6ers have been arrested for serious crimes such as burglary or sexual assault.
That’s an arrest rate of 7.5 TENTHS OF ONE PERCENT (0.75%) per year (actually 15 months) for J6ers. This is several times lower than the arrest rate of average Americans.  (Roughly 2–3% of Americans are arrested each year.) And arrestees everywhere tend to be disproportionately male (as are J6ers). Almost FOUR percent of adult MALES are arrested each year.
This means that pardoned J6ers are far more law-abiding than the general population. And this law-abidingness becomes even more startling when one compares released J6ers to other released prisoners.  According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, roughly 43% of released American prisoners are re-arrested for new crimes within the first year. Over SIXTY percent of released prisoners are rearrested within 3 years.  The average American ex-convict is over 53 times more likely to be arrested than the average pardoned J6er!!
Pardoned J6 prisoners may be the most law abiding cohort of inmates ever released from federal prison.
What about the four thousand federal prisoners released by President Joe Biden?
Lost in this discussion is the fact that President Joe Biden commuted the sentences of some four thousand prisoners in December 2024.  And it turns out that a number of the Biden-commuted prisoners have been rearrested—although no news outlet appears to be investigating this (or even interested in it).
A Dothan, Alabama man named Willie Frank Peterson was arrested just two months after former President Joe Biden commuted his drug sentence, for new felony charges including possessing cocaine, hydrocodone, marijuana, and illegally possessing firearms.
A man named Khyre Holbert pled guilty to shooting up the Old Market area in Omaha, Nebraska, and is now back in prison. Holbert’s gun was allegedly linked to other violent crimes. Dequan Willard was rearrested for violating the conditions of supervised release shortly after Biden’s commutation.
Note that there is no systematic, politicized effort to track Biden’s clemencies as there is with Trump’s J6 pardons; so no one knows the true extent of recidivism among the inmates released by Biden.
Or consider the 13,316 federal inmates who were released to home confinement nationwide under the CARES Act during the 2020 COVID-19 panic.  Significantly, these were strictly vetted, pre-screened, mostly senior, inmates deemed medically vulnerable and low risk between March 2020 and June 2023. The media reported that “a small fraction” of those released inmates, 521, were re-arrested and returned to prison for unspecified violations. Twenty-two were arrested for new crimes.
The ACLU, the Vera Institute, Families Against Mandatory Minimums (FAMM), Forbes, and Reason and Senator Cory Booker all praised these early releases as a huge success. The Biden Administration released a 2024 report extolling the low recidivism rate (just 4.6% rearrested; 22 for new crimes by 2024 alone) of the CARES Act early releases.
But J6ers have a rate of rearrest that is SIX TIMES LOWER.
The incredible law-abidingness of pardoned J6ers begs the question of the legitimacy of the J6 prosecutions themselves.  While the left likes to paint J6ers as fundamentally criminal, the data show that J6ers are overwhelmingly hardworking and law abiding. This further illustrates that J6ers were mostly innocent Americans, subjected to cruel, weaponized prosecutions under the Biden Justice Department.
Where are the criminology professors?

The post J6ers May Be the Most Law-Abiding Group of Inmates Ever appeared first on The Gateway Pundit.

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Author: Joe Hoft

WAYNE ROOT: Here is “The SAVE Act On Steroids- TRUMP STYLE.” And With This Idea, Congress No Longer Matters!

WAYNE ROOT: Here is “The SAVE Act On Steroids- TRUMP STYLE.” And With This Idea, Congress No Longer Matters!

WAYNE ROOT: Here is “The SAVE Act On Steroids- TRUMP STYLE.” And With This Idea, Congress No Longer Matters!
May 31, 2026

Donald Trump smiles and points while wearing a blue suit and red tie at a public event, with a backdrop featuring stars and text.

By Wayne Allyn Root

I was the first and only conservative TV host and media personality to suggest this idea many weeks ago- including right here at The Gateway Pundit in a half dozen columns.

Now, finally, a few other influential conservative media stars are talking about this idea. Great! Soon, I hope to have the entire conservative and MAGA world talking about this idea.

And of course, the only conservative who matters, President Donald J. Trump, needs to officially adopt this idea.

President Trump lives by the philosophy of “Repetition is the key to success.” People need to hear something a dozen times before it sinks into their conscience. So, here we go again!

The SAVE America Act was first brought to the House floor on January 3rd, 2026. Republicans were gleaming and excited, because the SAVE Act would finally put a stop to Democrats rigging our elections, and end the travesty and tragedy of millions of illegal aliens voting in U.S. elections.

By the way, set aside Venezuela, or Serbia, or Iran, or China. The ultimate example of “foreign interference in US elections” is Democrats using the votes of millions of illegal aliens to rig and steal elections. And not just the presidency, but dozens of US Senate and US House seats too.

It turns out Democrats are living on stolen land in DC.

The majority of Republican and MAGA voters adopted The SAVE Act as a gospel, as the ultimate savior, as a “Godsend,” and were even more giddy when it passed the House.

President Trump had his own plan to stop the rigged elections, but was told that it wasn’t needed because the SAVE Act was sure to pass both chambers of Congress.

The SAVE Act was first brought to the Senate floor on March 17th, 2026, where it received hurricane-force headwinds.

Not a surprise if you’re a Democrat, but The SAVE Act was betrayed by a RINO Senate majority leader, and several bought-off-and-paid-off Republican RINO Senators, who sold out America and MAGA, and who will continue to sell out this country while collecting millions of dollars in bribes from China, the CCP, the Mexican Drug Cartels, and George Soros-type Super PACS.

Timing also destroyed the SAVE Act, because Republican leaders in Congress waited too late to start the process, not factoring in the months it would take to wind through legal challenges by Democrats, and rulings by the appeals courts, before finally making it to the Supreme Court.

Now there is no time for that to happen, and the Democrats are very satisfied with just running out the clock, with barely over 150 days until the election.

I support the SAVE America Act, and have supported it since it was first brought to the House for debate in January. I pushed and pushed for it to pass on all of my TV, radio, podcast, and online platforms, until I was blue in the face. Just like many of my Republican and conservative colleagues, we all really wanted it to succeed.

We all understood the raw truth: Democrats cannot win elections without massive cheating.

As I sit and think about the SAVE Act as of today, I have to be honest with myself- it will not pass, and if by miracle it did pass, it would not be in time to save the midterms this November. That’s a FACT.

I’m hoping that the SAVE Act will pass at some point in the future, as it can be a very valuable bill in the 2028 election and the 2030 census count, where the Democrats are going to push hard to count illegal aliens as American citizens. This is the difference between perhaps 20 to 30 U.S. House seats and 20+ electoral votes, too.

The more I sat and thought about options to save the midterms, I kept thinking of the damage that will be done to President Trump, and this country, and the US economy, and the great American middle class, if Democrats are allowed to cheat their way into power in November.

So, understanding what a true life-and-death national emergency this is, I developed a plan; worked on it with an election integrity expert (my friend John Goodman); announced it on my TV, radio, and podcast platforms; published it on The Gateway Pundit; and then sent it to President Trump and his team, once I knew that it was 100% legal and foolproof, and would save our midterm elections without Democrat obstruction.

This idea stops the Democrat lawyers and communist-bribed and owned insurrection judges dead in their tracks.

For the last 7 weeks, I’ve been screaming from the highest rooftops for a “Presidential National Security Emergency for Elections.”

If you liked The SAVE Act, then you should love this one much more! Because this is…

The SAVE Act on steroids- TRUMP STYLE!

I recently interviewed Dr. Jerome Corsi- one of the main players tasked by President Trump to find the legal way to end corrupt, rigged elections in this country. According to Dr. Corsi, it appears that my call for a “Presidential National Security Emergency” has been heard loud and clear by President Trump and his legal team.

President Trump has the legal authority to declare a “Presidential National Security Emergency for Elections” based on millions of illegal aliens continuing to vote in U.S. elections.

The Democrat lawyers and radical communist insurrection judges cannot stop the President from fixing our elections once and for all if he declares this “national emergency.” That’s the “special power” that makes this idea so powerful.

This “emergency declaration” is 10,000 times more powerful than The SAVE Act.

The Supreme Court has already ruled on this exact situation. Back in 1983, they ruled that the only way for Democrats to overturn a “National Emergency” declaration by a President was by a 2/3rds majority vote in both chambers of Congress. Good luck. It won’t happen. Impossible. Zero chance.

This proposed “Presidential National Security Emergency for Elections” would address everything that was in The SAVE Act, but even stronger!

It has strict mandates on voter ID, voter registration, proof of citizenship, and takes millions of illegal aliens out of play from voting in our elections. It also ends the voting machine scam and mandates hand-counted paper ballots, an important piece of this puzzle that was not even included in The SAVE Act.

Here is the mistake of the year- it appears a majority of our own Republican and conservative politicians and media stars continue to publicly lobby for The SAVE Act. Which is delusional. The SAVE Act is DOA- Dead on Arrival. Anyone who understands math should understand that. We never had the votes, and we don’t have them now.

And with President Trump successfully ending the careers of backstabbing RINO U.S. Senators Cassidy and Coryn, it’s now doubly true. The Senate RINOS are on a bender. They still sit in their seats until January. They will never allow Trump to pass anything until their time is up. They’d rather see America destroyed than help President Trump.

I urge all Republicans and MAGA and patriotic independents to get behind President Trump signing a “Presidential National Security Emergency for Elections” declaration- which we know is the only way to secure our elections for this November’s midterms.

It’s the only way to take the Democrat lawyers and radical communist insurrection judges out of the picture, from stopping us from finally making US elections honest and fair again.

We are now hearing that this is the path President Trump is likely to take, as we get closer to the election. As my Yiddish grandmother used to say, “From your lips to God’s ears.”

I’m known as the “Biggest MAGA mouth in America.” I have a MAGA megaphone. As of this coming Monday June 1st, I add a nightly national TV show called “America Speaks with Wayne Allyn Root”- weeknights at 10 PM ET/7 PM Pacific on Real Americas Voice TV.

That’s just another national platform to promote this idea that can save the midterms. I will use every tool in my arsenal to continue to push this “Presidential National Security Emergency for Elections.”

I’m so proud and honored to have been the first to bring this creative and foolproof idea to the dinner table, and now the “Presidential National Security Emergency for Elections” looks like the main course.

Forget The SAVE Act for now. Because this idea is far better. This is…

The SAVE Act on steroids- TRUMP STYLE!

ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Wayne Allyn Root is a CEO, businessman, best-selling author, and national conservative TV and radio host, who has interviewed President Trump 16 times. Watch Wayne’s TV shows on Real Americas Voice TV- “America Speaks” weeknights at 10 PM ET/7 PM PT and “America’s Top Ten Countdown” on Saturdays at Noon ET/9 AM PT, and his 2-hour daily video podcast “WAR Zone Live presented by The Gateway Pundit” daily from 6 PM to 8 PM ET at TheGatewayPundit.com. His website is ROOTforAmerica.com. Read Wayne’s latest fun book, “How Illegal Immigrants Have Made America Great.” It’s 100+ blank pages. The joke is on Democrats!

The post WAYNE ROOT: Here is “The SAVE Act On Steroids- TRUMP STYLE.” And With This Idea, Congress No Longer Matters! appeared first on The Gateway Pundit.

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Author: Wayne Allyn Root

Competing Jihadists, Shared Goal: Remaking Nigeria Through Islamization

Competing Jihadists, Shared Goal: Remaking Nigeria Through Islamization

Competing Jihadists, Shared Goal: Remaking Nigeria Through Islamization
May 31, 2026

Armed individuals in masks walking through a rural landscape, showcasing a display of weaponry and ammunition.
ISWAP, Boko Haram, and Fulani terrorist groups have their differences, but they all share the goal of removing Nigeria’s Christian population from contested territory. Photo courtesy of The Daily Post Nigeria.

Nigeria’s population of roughly 240 million is divided almost equally between Muslims and Christians, with Muslims holding a probable plurality; no official religious census has been conducted since 1963. Nevertheless, several forces within the country are working toward jihad, Islamization, and the establishment of an Islamic caliphate.

The various Islamist actors have different motivations and often conflict with one another over policy and procedure. At the same time, they share the objective of removing Christian presence through killing, displacement, coercion, or demographic replacement.

Boko Haram and ISWAP have fought each other directly and have distinct ideological and operational disputes. Fulani militias are driven primarily by land seizure and demographic expansion rather than a formal caliphate ideology. The Islamic Movement of Nigeria (IMN), being Shia and Iranian-linked, is theologically at odds with the Sunni jihadist groups. These distinctions are documented and verifiable.

ISWAP and Boko Haram have explicit caliphate mandates and documented histories of forced conversion, making the elimination, subjugation, or absorption of Christian communities a stated component of their ideology. For Fulani militias, the objective is more accurately characterized as displacement, territorial control, and demographic replacement rather than forced conversion or extermination as an end in itself. However, forced conversion is one of the tools used to achieve this goal.

The caliphate question cannot be addressed without its historical baseline. Before the British colonial administration arrived in Nigeria, Usman dan Fodio, a Fulani Islamic scholar, launched a jihad in Gobir in 1804 and by 1808 had established the Sokoto Caliphate, having vowed to enforce Islam by the sword from the Sahara to the Atlantic. When the British dismantled it administratively in 1903, the caliphate was absorbed rather than destroyed ideologically.

A legal analysis by a senior Nigerian jurist described Dan Fodio’s jihad as a “full-blown Islamization agenda” aimed at “expanding the caliphate to other parts of Nigeria in the irrevocable bid to dip the Quran into the Atlantic Ocean in Lagos.” That goal, a caliphate reaching the southern coast, was never achieved, and the ambition, in the analysis of multiple researchers and interviewees, never disappeared.

Three distinct actor categories pursue that project today, with different methods and levels of ideological organization.

ISWAP is the clearest case. A formal affiliate of Islamic State, which declared a global caliphate in June 2014 under Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, ISWAP requires bay’a, an oath of allegiance, and acceptance of the caliphate’s theological and political authority. Its 2016 split from Boko Haram was itself a caliphate-compliance move: Boko Haram’s indiscriminate killing of Muslims violated IS doctrine requiring governance and protection of Muslim populations under caliphate authority.

ISWAP controls villages in the Lake Chad Basin, administers sharia courts, collects taxes, and frames the Nigerian state as an apostate entity to be destroyed. It provides basic services in held territory, classic IS caliphate-building doctrine, and its stated, doctrinal, and operational goal is the establishment of an Islamic caliphate in West Africa as a province of the global Islamic State project. This is the group’s declared purpose, confirmed by its governance behavior.

Armed Fulani militias present a more contested but evidentially substantial case. According to the Observatory of Religious Freedom in Africa, the number of Christians killed by armed Fulani herdsmen between October 2019 and September 2023 was almost seven times the number killed by Boko Haram and ISWAP combined, a scale that demands explanation beyond random resource conflict.

Fulani massacres since 2015 follow a consistent pattern: Christian farmers are displaced, emptied villages are declared Fulani Emirates, and land transfers to Fulani cattle grazing. The use of emirate terminology maps directly onto the historical caliphate’s administrative structure.

Genocide Watch concluded that the Fulani jihad is organized and financed by large Fulani cattle owners with support from Fulani officers in the Nigerian Army, moving the analysis away from spontaneous ethnic conflict toward a directed campaign. There is additional evidence that Fulani militias are now in communication with Boko Haram and ISWAP. If confirmed, this would suggest that the violence is not merely localized or opportunistic but part of a broader networked insurgency.

What remains unproven is a unified command structure directing all Fulani militia violence toward a single caliphate goal; the Combating Terrorism Center at West Point noted that nomadic patterns and significant cultural variation across the Fulani’s broad African range have worked against the development of any central leadership.

The Sokoto Sultanate still exists legally in Nigeria as a traditional institution, and politicians have exploited the collective memory of the 1804 jihad for political advantage. Whether this amounts to active caliphate-building or political instrumentalization of identity remains unresolved in the academic literature. The Sultan of Sokoto’s counter-claim — that the violence is purely economic — has grown untenable given the targeting patterns, the geographic expansion into the southeast, and the emirate terminology applied to captured villages.

The House Appropriations Committee’s joint report to the White House stated that “Fulani militant and bandit groups are seizing land and resources and obstructing religious freedom to exert control and coerce conversion to Islam” and that government had “failed to confront both the scale and the intent of these atrocities.”

The UK All-Party Parliamentary Group for International Freedom of Belief formally concluded that radicalized Fulani militants demonstrate clear intent to target Christians and Christian symbols, adopting tactics comparable to Boko Haram and ISWAP.

Three distinct objectives are documentable across these actors, each supported by evidence of varying strength.

Land and resource seizure is the most provable. An economic warfare dimension runs alongside the killing: militants systematically kidnap Christians for ransom, forcing families to sell farmland, one Nigerian church paid $205,000 to recover 50 kidnapped members. By mid-2025, jihadist Fulani herdsmen occupied at least 950 locations across the largely Christian southeastern states of Abia, Enugu, Anambra, and Ebonyi, territory with no historical Fulani grazing rationale, which defeats the resource-conflict explanation.

Islamization of territory is strongly indicated. Genocide Watch documented attackers shouting religious declarations, targeting churches, and singling out clergy. The Nigerian Atrocities Documentation Project concluded that the religious dimension of the conflict holds sway over narratives tied to economic competition, climate change, or border porosity, and that the abundance of fertile land occupied by Christians in the North-Central region drives a sustained campaign to displace Christians and seize their lands.

Forced conversion is real but secondary. Forcible conversion of Christian girls is documented in Northwest Nigeria, and forced marriage into Muslim households functions as conversion in practice. The primary Fulani objective is displacement and land seizure, Islamized territory is the goal, and conversion of surviving persons is incidental. ISWAP maintains an explicit caliphate mandate and documented forced conversion policy.

For Fulani militias, the mechanism is demographic replacement, not mass conversion, although forced conversion is one of the means used to achieve demographic replacement.

The post Competing Jihadists, Shared Goal: Remaking Nigeria Through Islamization appeared first on The Gateway Pundit.

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Author: Antonio Graceffo